【花雕动手做】基于 Kitronik 可编程开发板之猛禽奔跑
Kitronik ARCADE 是一款由英国教育科技公司 Kitronik 精心打造的可编程游戏机开发板，专为编程教学与创客实践而设计。该设备原生支持微软的 MakeCode Arcade 平台，用户可通过图形化或 JavaScript 编程方式，轻松创建、下载并运行复古风格的街机游戏。它集成了彩色 LCD 显示屏、方向控制键、功能按键、蜂鸣器和震动马达等交互组件，提供完整的游戏输入输出体验。无论是初学者进行编程启蒙，还是创客群体开发交互式作品，Kitronik ARCADE 都能作为理想的硬件载体，助力创意实现。
凭借其开源友好、易于上手、兼容性强等特点，该开发板广泛应用于中小学编程课程、创客工作坊、游戏开发教学以及个人项目原型设计，深受教育者与技术爱好者的喜爱。
【花雕动手做】基于 Kitronik 可编程开发板之猛禽奔跑
作为学习、练习与尝试，这里创建一个猛禽奔跑的小游戏。打开网页版：https://arcade.makecode.com/，设置项目名称：猛禽奔跑
MicroPython实验代码
class ActionKind(Enum):
Walking = 0
Idle = 1
Jumping = 2
Dead = 3
@namespace
class SpriteKind:
Ground = SpriteKind.create()
Cloud = SpriteKind.create()
def initGround():
global ground1, ground2
ground1 = sprites.create(img("""
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SpriteKind.Ground)
ground2 = sprites.create(img("""
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"""),
SpriteKind.Ground)
ground1.set_position(scene.screen_width() / 2, 120)
ground2.set_position(ground1.x + scene.screen_width(), 120)
ground1.vx = -100
ground2.vx = -100
ground1.z = 2
ground2.z = 2
def initRaptor():
global raptor, run, jump, dead
raptor = sprites.create(img("""
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"""),
SpriteKind.player)
run = animation.create_animation(ActionKind.Walking, 100)
run.add_animation_frame(img("""
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"""))
run.add_animation_frame(img("""
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............ffcccccccccccf......
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"""))
animation.attach_animation(raptor, run)
jump = animation.create_animation(ActionKind.Jumping, 200)
jump.add_animation_frame(img("""
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.....fcc.......ffcccf...cf......
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"""))
animation.attach_animation(raptor, jump)
dead = animation.create_animation(ActionKind.Dead, 200)
dead.add_animation_frame(img("""
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"""))
animation.attach_animation(raptor, dead)
raptor.z = 3
raptor.set_position(15, 94)
def on_on_overlap(sprite, otherSprite):
global end
end = 1
animation.set_action(raptor, ActionKind.Dead)
pause(50)
game.over(False, effects.dissolve)
sprites.on_overlap(SpriteKind.player, SpriteKind.projectile, on_on_overlap)
def on_button_pressed():
if raptor.y == 94 and end == 0:
raptor.vy = -160
animation.set_action(raptor, ActionKind.Jumping)
controller.any_button.on_event(ControllerButtonEvent.PRESSED, on_button_pressed)
cloud: Sprite = None
cactus: Sprite = None
choice = 0
dead: animation.Animation = None
jump: animation.Animation = None
run: animation.Animation = None
raptor: Sprite = None
ground2: Sprite = None
ground1: Sprite = None
end = 0
idle = None
game.set_dialog_cursor(img("""
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1111111111111111111111fc1fcccf11
1111111111111111111111fccccccf11
11111111111111111fffffcccccff111
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"""))
game.splash("Raptor Run")
scene.set_background_color(1)
initGround()
initRaptor()
info.set_score(0)
end = 0
game.show_long_text("Press any button to jump.", DialogLayout.TOP)
def on_on_update():
if raptor.y < 94:
raptor.ay = 400
else:
raptor.ay = 0
raptor.y = 94
if end == 0:
animation.set_action(raptor, ActionKind.Walking)
game.on_update(on_on_update)
def on_update_interval():
info.change_score_by(1)
game.on_update_interval(50, on_update_interval)
def on_update_interval2():
global choice, cactus
choice = randint(0, 4)
if choice == 0:
cactus = sprites.create_projectile_from_side(img("""
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"""),
ground1.vx,
0)
cactus.y = 94
cactus.z = 2
elif choice == 1:
cactus = sprites.create_projectile_from_side(img("""
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"""),
ground1.vx,
0)
cactus.y = 94
cactus.z = 2
elif choice == 2:
cactus = sprites.create_projectile_from_side(img("""
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"""),
ground1.vx,
0)
cactus.y = 94
cactus.z = 2
game.on_update_interval(1000, on_update_interval2)
def on_update_interval3():
ground1.vx += -1
ground2.vx += -1
game.on_update_interval(1000, on_update_interval3)
def on_update_interval4():
global cloud
if Math.percent_chance(40):
cloud = sprites.create_projectile_from_side(img("""
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"""),
ground1.vx / 4,
0)
cloud.y = randint(20, 60)
cloud.set_kind(SpriteKind.Cloud)
cloud.z = 1
game.on_update_interval(1500, on_update_interval4)
def on_forever():
if ground2.x < -1 * (scene.screen_width() / 2):
ground2.x = ground1.x + scene.screen_width()
forever(on_forever)
def on_forever2():
if ground1.x < -1 * (scene.screen_width() / 2):
ground1.x = ground2.x + scene.screen_width()
forever(on_forever2)
【花雕动手做】基于 Kitronik 可编程开发板之猛禽奔跑
猛禽奔跑游戏代码解读这是一个基于ARCADE MakeCode的猛禽奔跑游戏，类似于经典的跑酷游戏。
1. 枚举和自定义精灵类型
python
class ActionKind(Enum):
Walking = 0
Idle = 1
Jumping = 2
Dead = 3
@namespace
class SpriteKind:
Ground = SpriteKind.create()
Cloud = SpriteKind.create()
定义了猛禽的四种动作状态：行走、空闲、跳跃、死亡
创建了两种自定义精灵类型：地面和云朵
2. 初始化地面
python
def initGround():
global ground1, ground2
# 创建两个地面精灵
ground1 = sprites.create(...)
ground2 = sprites.create(...)
# 设置位置和速度
ground1.set_position(scene.screen_width() / 2, 120)
ground2.set_position(ground1.x + scene.screen_width(), 120)
ground1.vx = -100# 向左移动
ground2.vx = -100
ground1.z = 2# 设置图层
ground2.z = 2
创建了两个连续的地面，形成无限循环的效果
地面以恒定速度向左移动
3. 初始化猛禽角色
python
def initRaptor():
global raptor, run, jump, dead
raptor = sprites.create(...)# 创建猛禽精灵
# 创建行走动画
run = animation.create_animation(ActionKind.Walking, 100)
run.add_animation_frame(...)# 添加动画帧
run.add_animation_frame(...)
# 创建跳跃动画
jump = animation.create_animation(ActionKind.Jumping, 200)
jump.add_animation_frame(...)
# 创建死亡动画
dead = animation.create_animation(ActionKind.Dead, 200)
dead.add_animation_frame(...)
raptor.z = 3# 设置图层
raptor.set_position(15, 94)# 设置初始位置
创建了猛禽角色和三种动画状态
设置了角色的初始位置和图层
4. 碰撞检测
python
def on_on_overlap(sprite, otherSprite):
global end
end = 1
animation.set_action(raptor, ActionKind.Dead)# 播放死亡动画
pause(50)
game.over(False, effects.dissolve)# 游戏结束
sprites.on_overlap(SpriteKind.player, SpriteKind.projectile, on_on_overlap)
当猛禽与障碍物碰撞时触发游戏结束
播放死亡动画后显示游戏结束画面
5. 跳跃控制
python
def on_button_pressed():
if raptor.y == 94 and end == 0:# 确保在地面上且游戏未结束
raptor.vy = -160# 设置向上的速度
animation.set_action(raptor, ActionKind.Jumping)# 播放跳跃动画
controller.any_button.on_event(ControllerButtonEvent.PRESSED, on_button_pressed)
按下任意按钮时触发跳跃
设置垂直速度并播放跳跃动画
6. 游戏初始化
python
game.set_dialog_cursor(...)# 设置对话框光标
game.splash("Raptor Run")# 显示游戏标题
scene.set_background_color(1)# 设置背景颜色
initGround()# 初始化地面
initRaptor()# 初始化猛禽
info.set_score(0)# 初始化分数
end = 0# 游戏结束标志
game.show_long_text("Press any button to jump.", DialogLayout.TOP)# 显示操作提示
7. 物理更新
python
def on_on_update():
if raptor.y < 94:# 如果在空中
raptor.ay = 400# 应用重力
else:
raptor.ay = 0# 取消重力
raptor.y = 94# 固定在地面高度
if end == 0:# 如果游戏未结束
animation.set_action(raptor, ActionKind.Walking)# 播放行走动画
game.on_update(on_on_update)
处理猛禽的重力物理效果
确保猛禽落回地面时恢复行走状态
8. 分数系统
python
def on_update_interval():
info.change_score_by(1)# 每50毫秒增加1分
game.on_update_interval(50, on_update_interval)
随着游戏进行，分数不断增加
9. 障碍物生成
python
def on_update_interval2():
global choice, cactus
choice = randint(0, 4)# 随机选择障碍物类型
if choice == 0:
cactus = sprites.create_projectile_from_side(..., ground1.vx, 0)
cactus.y = 94# 设置在地面高度
cactus.z = 2# 设置图层
# 其他障碍物类型...
game.on_update_interval(1000, on_update_interval2)
每隔1秒随机生成一种障碍物
障碍物与地面同速向左移动
10. 游戏难度递增
python
def on_update_interval3():
ground1.vx += -1# 逐渐加快地面速度
ground2.vx += -1# 增加游戏难度
game.on_update_interval(1000, on_update_interval3)
随着时间的推移，地面速度逐渐增加
使游戏难度随时间递增
11. 云朵生成
python
def on_update_interval4():
global cloud
if Math.percent_chance(40):# 40%的概率生成云朵
cloud = sprites.create_projectile_from_side(..., ground1.vx / 4, 0)
cloud.y = randint(20, 60)# 随机高度
cloud.set_kind(SpriteKind.Cloud)# 设置为云朵类型
cloud.z = 1# 设置图层（在背景但在地面前面）
game.on_update_interval(1500, on_update_interval4)
每隔1.5秒有40%的概率生成云朵
云朵移动速度较慢，营造景深效果
12. 地面循环
python
def on_forever():
if ground2.x < -1 * (scene.screen_width() / 2):
ground2.x = ground1.x + scene.screen_width()# 重置地面位置
def on_forever2():
if ground1.x < -1 * (scene.screen_width() / 2):
ground1.x = ground2.x + scene.screen_width()# 重置地面位置
确保两个地面精灵无缝循环
当一个地面移出屏幕时，将其重置到另一个地面的右侧。
【花雕动手做】基于 Kitronik 可编程开发板之猛禽奔跑
通过模拟器，调试与模拟运行实验场景记录
【花雕动手做】基于 Kitronik 可编程开发板之猛禽奔跑
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