ESP8266 采集 DHT11 和 DS18B20 温湿度数据 MQTT 上传至 Home Ass...
本帖最后由 无垠的广袤 于 2025-4-14 14:43 编辑ESP8266 采集 DHT11 和 DS18B20 温湿度数据 MQTT 上传至 Home Assistant
本文介绍了 ESP8266 开发板实现 DHT11 温湿度传感器和 DS18B20 温度传感器实现远程温度监测，通过 MQTT 协议上传至 EMQX 平台，发送 JSON 代码实现 HomeAssistant 智能家居平台数据收集和历史数据查看等功能。
硬件平台
开发板基于 ESP-12E/12F 设计，管脚功能示意图如下详见：ESP-12E、ESP-12F、ESP-12S 的区别详解 – aahgo
实物图原理图详见：智能便携体温计 - 立创开源硬件平台
MQTT
消息队列遥测传输协议（Message Queuing Telemetry Transport，MQTT）是一种基于发布/订阅（publish/subscribe）模式的轻量级通讯协议。
DockerDocker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，它允许开发者将应用及其依赖打包到一个轻量级、可移植的容器中，可以在任何流行操作系统中发布和运行。
安装 Docker Desktop下载和安装 Docker Desktop .
EMQXEMQX 是一款完全开源，高度可伸缩，高可用的分布式MQTT 消息服务器。
部署流程
[*]运行以下命令获取 Docker 镜像：docker pull emqx/emqx:5.8.6
[*]运行以下命令启动 Docker 容器。docker run -d --name emqx -p 1883:1883 -p 8083:8083 -p 8084:8084 -p 8883:8883 -p 18083:18083 emqx/emqx:5.8.6
参考：通过 Docker 运行 EMQX | EMQX文档 点击 EMQX 容器后的端口链接，登录 EMQX 后台，初始账号和密码分别为 admin 和 public
[*]依次打开 访问控制 - 客户端认证 - 创建 - Password-Based - 内置数据库 - （默认配置）- 创建 ；
[*]用户管理 - 新建用户 - 自定义用户名和密码；
回到平台主界面，可观察节点和连接数目等信息
Home AssistantHome Assistant ，简称 HA，是一款基于 Python 的智能家居开源系统，支持众多品牌的智能家居设备，可以轻松实现硬件物联网、自动化等。
Docker 部署 Home Assistant 的主要流程
部署流程下载 Home Assistant 镜像文件硬盘根目录新建文件夹 homeassistant ，解压 HA 镜像文件，得到 docker-compose.yml ；当前目录下打开命令行终端，执行安装指令cd C:\homeassistant
docker-compose.yml
docker-compose up
浏览器输入 http://homeassistant:8123/ 即可进入 Home Assistant 系统界面
添加 MQTT 集成
依次点击 设置 - 设备与服务 - 添加集成 - 搜索 MQTT - 填写代理信息；
创建成功后，可在 设备与服务 选项下看到 MQTT 应用图标；
根据开发板蓝牙发送的信息格式，配置 YAML 参数
打开 Home Assistant 安装根目录下的 configuration.yaml 文件，并添加如下代码
mqtt:
sensor:
- name: "Temperature"
state_topic: "home/sensor/"
suggested_display_precision: 2
unit_of_measurement: "C"
value_template: "{{ value_json.temperature }}"
- name: "Humidity"
state_topic: "home/sensor/"
suggested_display_precision: 2
unit_of_measurement: "%"
value_template: "{{ value_json.humidity }}"
需要注意主题 state_topic 和 value_template 的定义。
在 开发者工具 界面 重新加载 YAML 所有配置 并刷新浏览器界面，即可看到传感器选项。
DHT11
采集 DHT11 温湿度数据并通过 MQTT 联网上传至 Home Assistant 智能家居平台；
Arduino Code#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
#include <DHT.h>
// WiFi Configuration
const char* ssid = "xxx";
const char* password = "xxx";
// MQTT Configuration
const char* mqtt_server = "192.168.1.121";
const int mqtt_port = 1883;
const char* mqtt_user = "admin";
const char* mqtt_password = "admin";
// Device Configuration
const char* device_name = "esp8266_dht11";
const char* device_id = "livingroom_sensor";
// Topics
const char* state_topic = "home/sensor/";
const char* temp_config_topic = "home/sensor/";
const char* hum_config_topic = "home/sensor/";
// DHT Sensor
#define DHTPIN 5
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);
void setup_wifi() {
delay(10);
Serial.println();
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.println("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}
void reconnect() {
while (!client.connected()) {
Serial.print("Attempting MQTT connection...");
if (client.connect(device_name, mqtt_user, mqtt_password)) {
Serial.println("connected");
// Send Home Assistant auto-discovery config
sendAutoDiscoveryConfig();
} else {
Serial.print("failed, rc=");
Serial.print(client.state());
Serial.println(" try again in 5 seconds");
delay(5000);
}
}
}
void sendAutoDiscoveryConfig() {
// Configuration for temperature sensor
DynamicJsonDocument temp_config(512);
temp_config["name"] = "Living Room Temperature";
temp_config["device_class"] = "temperature";
temp_config["state_topic"] = state_topic;
temp_config["unit_of_measurement"] = "°C";
temp_config["value_template"] = "{{ value_json.temperature }}";
temp_config["unique_id"] = String(device_id) + "_temperature";
temp_config["device"]["identifiers"] = device_id;
temp_config["device"]["name"] = "Living Room Sensor";
temp_config["device"]["manufacturer"] = "DIY";
temp_config["device"]["model"] = "ESP8266+DHT11";
char temp_config_message;
serializeJson(temp_config, temp_config_message);
client.publish(temp_config_topic, temp_config_message, true);
// Configuration for humidity sensor
DynamicJsonDocument hum_config(512);
hum_config["name"] = "Living Room Humidity";
hum_config["device_class"] = "humidity";
hum_config["state_topic"] = state_topic;
hum_config["unit_of_measurement"] = "%";
hum_config["value_template"] = "{{ value_json.humidity }}";
hum_config["unique_id"] = String(device_id) + "_humidity";
hum_config["device"] = temp_config["device"]; // Same device info
char hum_config_message;
serializeJson(hum_config, hum_config_message);
client.publish(hum_config_topic, hum_config_message, true);
}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
dht.begin();
setup_wifi();
client.setServer(mqtt_server, mqtt_port);
}
void loop() {
if (!client.connected()) {
reconnect();
}
client.loop();
delay(2000); // Wait between measurements
float h = dht.readHumidity();
float t = dht.readTemperature();
if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
return;
}
// Create JSON payload
DynamicJsonDocument doc(256);
doc["temperature"] = t;
doc["humidity"] = h;
char json_string;
serializeJson(doc, json_string);
Serial.print("Publishing: ");
Serial.println(json_string);
client.publish(state_topic, json_string, true);
}
效果DS18B20
采集 DS18B20 温度数据并通过 MQTT 联网上传至 Home Assistant 智能家居平台；
Arduino Code#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
#include <OneWire.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h>
// WiFi Configuration
const char* ssid = "B228-230";
const char* password = "LPSerB228";
// MQTT Configuration
const char* mqtt_server = "192.168.1.121";
const int mqtt_port = 1883;
const char* mqtt_user = "LJL";
const char* mqtt_password = "4421989g";
// Device Configuration
const char* device_name = "esp8266_ds18b20";
const char* device_id = "water_tank_sensor";
// Topics
const char* state_topic = "home/sensor/";
const char* temp_config_topic = "home/sensor/";
// DS18B20 Setup
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS 5
OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);
WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);
void setup_wifi() {
delay(10);
Serial.println();
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.println("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}
void reconnect() {
while (!client.connected()) {
Serial.print("Attempting MQTT connection...");
if (client.connect(device_name, mqtt_user, mqtt_password)) {
Serial.println("connected");
// Send Home Assistant auto-discovery config
sendAutoDiscoveryConfig();
} else {
Serial.print("failed, rc=");
Serial.print(client.state());
Serial.println(" try again in 5 seconds");
delay(5000);
}
}
}
void sendAutoDiscoveryConfig() {
// Configuration for temperature sensor
DynamicJsonDocument temp_config(512);
temp_config["name"] = "Water Tank Temperature";
temp_config["device_class"] = "temperature";
temp_config["state_topic"] = state_topic;
temp_config["unit_of_measurement"] = "°C";
temp_config["value_template"] = "{{ value_json.temperature }}";
temp_config["unique_id"] = String(device_id) + "_temperature";
temp_config["device"]["identifiers"] = device_id;
temp_config["device"]["name"] = "Water Tank Sensor";
temp_config["device"]["manufacturer"] = "DIY";
temp_config["device"]["model"] = "ESP8266+DS18B20";
char temp_config_message;
serializeJson(temp_config, temp_config_message);
client.publish(temp_config_topic, temp_config_message, true);
}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
sensors.begin();
setup_wifi();
client.setServer(mqtt_server, mqtt_port);
}
void loop() {
if (!client.connected()) {
reconnect();
}
client.loop();
delay(2000); // Wait between measurements
sensors.requestTemperatures();
float t = sensors.getTempCByIndex(0);
// Check if reading is valid
if(t == DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_C) {
Serial.println("Error: Could not read temperature data");
return;
}
// Create JSON payload
DynamicJsonDocument doc(128);
doc["temperature"] = t;
char json_string;
serializeJson(doc, json_string);
Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.print(t);
Serial.println(" °C");
Serial.print("Publishing: ");
Serial.println(json_string);
client.publish(state_topic, json_string, true);
}
OLED显示#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
#include <OneWire.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h>
// OLED
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height, in pixels
#define OLED_SDA 02 // SDA引脚，gpio2(D4)
#define OLED_SCL 14 // SCL引脚，gpio14(D5)
// Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins)
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, -1);
// WiFi Configuration
const char* ssid = "B228-230";
const char* password = "LPSerB228";
// MQTT Configuration
const char* mqtt_server = "192.168.1.121";
const int mqtt_port = 1883;
const char* mqtt_user = "LJL";
const char* mqtt_password = "4421989g";
// Device Configuration
const char* device_name = "esp8266_ds18b20";
const char* device_id = "water_tank_sensor";
// Topics
const char* state_topic = "home/sensor/";
const char* temp_config_topic = "home/sensor/";
// DS18B20 Setup
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS 5
OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);
WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);
void setup_wifi() {
delay(10);
Serial.println();
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.println("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}
void reconnect() {
while (!client.connected()) {
Serial.print("Attempting MQTT connection...");
if (client.connect(device_name, mqtt_user, mqtt_password)) {
Serial.println("connected");
// Send Home Assistant auto-discovery config
sendAutoDiscoveryConfig();
} else {
Serial.print("failed, rc=");
Serial.print(client.state());
Serial.println(" try again in 5 seconds");
delay(5000);
}
}
}
void sendAutoDiscoveryConfig() {
// Configuration for temperature sensor
DynamicJsonDocument temp_config(512);
temp_config["name"] = "Water Tank Temperature";
temp_config["device_class"] = "temperature";
temp_config["state_topic"] = state_topic;
temp_config["unit_of_measurement"] = "°C";
temp_config["value_template"] = "{{ value_json.temperature }}";
temp_config["unique_id"] = String(device_id) + "_temperature";
temp_config["device"]["identifiers"] = device_id;
temp_config["device"]["name"] = "Water Tank Sensor";
temp_config["device"]["manufacturer"] = "DIY";
temp_config["device"]["model"] = "ESP8266+DS18B20";
char temp_config_message;
serializeJson(temp_config, temp_config_message);
client.publish(temp_config_topic, temp_config_message, true);
}
void setup() {
Wire.begin(OLED_SDA, OLED_SCL);
Serial.begin(115200);
sensors.begin();
if(!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C)) {
Serial.println(F("SSD1306 allocation failed"));
for(;;);
}
delay(2000);
display.clearDisplay();
display.setTextColor(WHITE);
setup_wifi();
client.setServer(mqtt_server, mqtt_port);
}
void loop() {
//read temperature
Serial.print("Requesting temperatures...");
sensors.requestTemperatures(); // Send the command to get temperatures
Serial.println("DONE");
if (!client.connected()) {
reconnect();
}
client.loop();
delay(2000); // Wait between measurements
//sensors.requestTemperatures();
float tempC = sensors.getTempCByIndex(0);
// Check if reading is valid
if (tempC != DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_C)
{
Serial.print("Temperature for the device 1 (index 0) is: ");
Serial.println(tempC);
}
else
{
Serial.println("Error: Could not read temperature data");
return;
}
/*
if(tempC == DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_C) {
Serial.println("Error: Could not read temperature data");
return;
}
*/
// clear display
display.clearDisplay();
// display temperature
display.setTextSize(1);
display.setCursor(0,0);
display.print("Temperature: ");
display.setTextSize(2);
display.setCursor(0,17);
display.print(tempC);
display.print(" ");
display.setTextSize(1);
display.cp437(true);
display.write(167);
display.setTextSize(2);
display.print("C");
display.display();
// Create JSON payload
DynamicJsonDocument doc(128);
doc["temperature"] = tempC;
char json_string;
serializeJson(doc, json_string);
Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.print(tempC);
Serial.println(" °C");
Serial.print("Publishing: ");
Serial.println(json_string);
client.publish(state_topic, json_string, true);
}
效果
总结
本文介绍了 ESP8266 开发板实现 DHT11 温湿度传感器和 DS18B20 温度传感器实现远程温度监测，通过 MQTT 协议上传至 EMQX 平台，发送 JSON 代码实现 HomeAssistant 智能家居平台数据收集和历史数据查看等功能，为物联网相关硬件部署和智能家居的开发和拓展提供了参考。
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